Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) | Tromelin Island (2005) | |
Airports | - | 1 (2004 est.) |
Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
Area | total:
5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island |
total: 1 sq km
land: 1 sq km water: 0 sq km |
Area - comparative | about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | about 1.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
Background | These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Recent geological explorations have indicated promising petroleum formations. | First explored by the French in 1776, the island came under the jurisdiction of Reunion in 1814. At present, it serves as a sea turtle sanctuary and is the site of an important meteorological station. |
Climate | tropical | tropical |
Coastline | 74.1 km | 3.7 km |
Country name | conventional long form:
Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tromelin Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Tromelin |
Dependency status | territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories | possession of France; administered by the Administrateur Superieur of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands |
Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of Australia) | - |
Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of Australia) | - |
Disputes - international | none | claimed by Mauritius |
Economy - overview | no economic activity | no economic activity |
Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m |
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 7 m |
Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
Flag description | the flag of Australia is used | the flag of France is used |
Geographic coordinates | 12 14 S, 123 05 E | 15 52 S, 54 25 E |
Geography - note | Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 | climatologically important location for forecasting cyclones; wildlife sanctuary (seabirds, tortoises) |
Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1993) | 0 sq km (1998 est.) |
Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (grasses; scattered bushes) (2001) |
Legal system | the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply | the laws of France, where applicable, apply |
Location | Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia | Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar |
Map references | Southeast Asia | Africa |
Maritime claims | contiguous zone:
12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM |
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force | defense is the responsibility of France |
Natural hazards | surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards | NA |
Natural resources | fish | fish |
Population | no indigenous inhabitants
note: there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.) |
uninhabited, except for visits by scientists (July 2005 est.) |
Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | none; offshore anchorage only |
Terrain | low with sand and coral | low, flat, and sandy; likely volcanic |
Waterways | none | - |